Immunotherapy works by strengthening the body's own immune system so that it can eliminate cancerous cells naturally. The aim is for the immune system to attack the cancerous cells in the desired manner and to detect them if they come back and continue to act. 

This research group from the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institut (University of Barcelona Hospital Clínic Campus), has also described the quantification of hematopoietic cells during human fetal development

"There are many challenges. Obviously the main one is to expand the success of CART19 to other CARTs, especially for lymphomas. It is also important to control their side effects and, as in all complicated and expensive therapies, another important challenge is to find a way of making them available to everyone who needs them without that availability depending on the financial resources or location of the people concerned."

"Treatment for patients with MDS is becoming more and more personalised. In the coming years we are going to see more emphasis on the genetic mutations associated with MDS. Every patient has a different pattern of mutations and these mutations can be used to indicate how the patient should be treated. The mutations can be used to establish the diagnosis, determine the prognosis and to predict which therapies will be the most efficacious."

MLL-AF4 translocation is the genetic marker that characterises acute lymphoblastic leukaemia B (ALL-B) which is especially aggressive, commonly affects children under the age of one, and which responds poorly to treatment with chemotherapy, survival rates for this disease being less than 30%.